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What is an
ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes
the logical structures of the objects used in application
development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying
relational database in tables/views.
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What are
domains and data element?
Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the
technical characteristics of an attribute of an business
objects. It describes the value range of the field.
Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic
definition of the table fields like description the field.
Data element describes how a field can be displayed to
end-user.
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What is
foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be
defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at
field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the
consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against
existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction.
While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to
be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent
records or how referenced records are possible.
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Describe
data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is
seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is
often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data
which is entered in the system when the system is
configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is
the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
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What are
indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database
table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in
sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the
field of the tables. In order that other fields are also
read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual
table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated
along with the table and are created automatically with it
in the database.
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Difference
between transparent tables and pooled tables.-
Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary
has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its
structure corresponds to single database field. Table in
the database has the same name as in the dictionary.
Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables.
Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation
with the table in database. Table in the database has the
different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are
stored in table pool at the database level.
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What is an
ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to
generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query
can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It
is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical
functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For
analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query,
programmer has to create user group and a functional group.
Functional group can be created using with or without
logical database table. Finally, assign user group to
functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional
group generated.
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What is BDC
programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy
data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch
input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch
Data Communications).The central component of the transfer
is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input
programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
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What are the
functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are
the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to
perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:
BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client,
sessions and user name are specified in this functional
modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one
transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used
to close the batch input session.
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What are
internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data
type object which exists only during the runtime of the
program. They are used to perform table calculations on
subsets of database tables and for re-organising the
contents of database tables according to users need.
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What is ITS?
What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet
Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP
server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data
by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa.
Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed
and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components,
including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at
runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of
automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be
utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
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What is
DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a
combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen
is also called as DynPro.
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What are
screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter:
Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and
its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the
transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow
logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter:
Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components.
Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions
and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen
painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface
of an ABAP/4 applications.
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What are the
components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word
processing tool of SAP which has the following components:
Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents.
Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character
formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set
consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4
program.
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What is ALV
programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?-
ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV
(ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into
use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV
functions is used to enhance the readability and
functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when
the output of a report contains columns extending more than
255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV
functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the
different columns from a report output and also save
different variants for report display. This is a very
efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the
columns from a report output. The report output can contain
up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of
display options.
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What are the
events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At
selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection,
top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At
user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT
FIRST.
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What is CTS
and what do you know about it?- The Change and
Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize
development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in
Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP
Systems and clients in your system landscape. This
documentation provides you with an overview of how to
manage changes with the CTS and essential information on
setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on
a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation
when planning your development project.
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What are
logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages
of logical databases?- To read data from a database
tables we use logical database. A logical database provides
read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4
program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that
user input is complete, correct,and plausible.
ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization
checks for database accesses. iv)good read access
performance while retaining the hierarchical data view
determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If
you donot specify a logical database in the program
attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no
ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event
ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or
an END-OF-SELECTION).
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What is a
batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an
intermediate step between internal table and database
table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie
data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,
program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
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How to
upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be
followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT
test case & recording the sample data input. Download of
the source file template. Modification of the source file.
Upload of the data from the source file.
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What is
Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms
using a graphical design tool with robust functionality,
color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at
SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
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How can I
make a differentiation between dependent and independent
data?- Client dependent or independent transfer
requirements include client specific or cross client
objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like
SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing
are client independent. If you display the object list for
one change request, and then for each object the object
attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one
object in the task list has this flag on, then that
transport will be client dependent.
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What is the
difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can
only be used in the program the are defined in and only
after the definition are expanded at compilation /
generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the
program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is
more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that
are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local
subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is
(more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since
debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use
of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If
the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a
FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more
than one program) use a FUNCTION.
